Chapter
3 – Movement
2015-01-08
Key
Terms:
Migration –
the movement of people, animals and/or birds from one location to another.
Push
factors –
factors that make people want to leave an area
Pull
factors –factors
that make people want to stay or attract people to an area.
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Push Factors
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Pull Factors
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1) Limited
space
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1) Good
shopping
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2)
Dictatorship
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2) Better
living conditions
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3) Weather
problems
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3) Better
economy
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4) War
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4) New
jobs
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5) High
taxes/ cost of living
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5)
Family Relationships
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6) Natural
Disaster
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6) Better
weather conditions
7)
Vacations
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7) Major
job loss / economy
8) Problem
neighbours
9) High
crime rate
10)
Poisonous animals
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8)
Education
9) Lots of
space
10) Calm
and quiet
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Modes of Transportation
2015 – 01 -08
Transportation
Movements
There
are many different ways that people and things can be transported around our
globe. The following are the modes of transportation and examples of items that
can be transported / moved from one place to another.
1) 2
Wheelers (Bikes,
E - Bikes (Scooter) Segway, Motorcycles etc.) – people, packages
(mail, parcels, info.), groceries, etc.
2) 4
Wheelers (Cars,
ATV, Wheelchairs, etc.) – mail, groceries, animals, luggage,
equipment, furniture, supplies, etc.
3) 6
Wheelers – Dually (pick up truck with double tires @ back), bus - people
4) 10
Wheeler (Mack Truck – no trailer) – goods,
5) 18
Wheelers ( Transport Truck) – livestock, cars,
gas, milk, fruits & Veg, groceries, mail, raw materials (steel, wood etc),
pipes, car parts, etc.
6) Iron
Wheelers (Trains)
– people, raw materials (coal , rocks, minerals, wood, etc.), gas, mail,
livestock, cars.
7) Ships
– cargo, cars, heavy loads – wheat, iron, garbage, fish, boats,
8) Planes
– raw materials? , people, car parts, military vehicles, etc.
9) Pipelines
– grain mixed with liquid, sewage, water, oil, natural gas, etc.
Patterns of Movement
There
are 4 components of any pattern of movement:
1) Points
2) Lines
3) Areas
4) Volume
For
example, your school and where you live are 2 points. The points are connected
by a road or a line. Your place is in a neighbourhood or area and the number of
students moving along these lines is the volume.
Pattern
Descriptions – Sparse or Dense
Types
of Patterns – linear (Lines), scattered (everywhere), grid
(battleship board), radial (spokes on a wheel)
Chapter 4 – The Environment
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4
Components (Parts) of the Environment
1) Atmosphere –
air
2) Hydrosphere –
water
3) Lithosphere –
the surface of the earth (crust)
4) Biosphere –
plants, and animals, including people
Key
Terms:
Ecosystem –
is a balanced arrangement of plants and animals and their surrounding physical
environment.
Biotic –
Living elements in an ecosystem like people, plants and animals
Abiotic –
Non-living elements in an ecosystem, like water and rock
Habitat –
the place where living things survive
Biomes –
a collection of related ecosystems (eg. Tropical Rainforest, veg. regions)
Ecology-
the study of ecosystem
Photosynthesis -
the process by which plants convert sunlight in to energy for growth
Chapter 5 – Interaction
2015-01-23
Interaction - the
way that the 4 themes of geography (place & location, region, movement, and
environment), people and the processes of the earth work together or connect
with one another.
How the Environment Affects People:
Ø The weather affects
many activities that we do.
Ø Climate affects
what and where we can grow various crops.
Ø We
live in the “Sun Parlour” the area of Canada
which has the longest growing season (over 200 days).
Ø Extreme
climates –
agriculture has to be altered to meet the climate
Ø Permafrost –
permanently frozen subsoil (ground). Eg – northern parts of Canada above the
frost line.
Ø Shelter –
in northern communities, the utilities, water pipes and electrical wires, are
run above ground. Some houses are built on “stilts” and are actually above the
ground, because the heat from the house will cause the ground to thaw!
Environmental Limits on Human Activity
· Most
people live in regions that have flat plains, gently sloping river valleys, and
along coastlines.
· Mountain
Barriers –
Rocky mtns. Appalachians, mid-Atlantic ridge, Himalayas, etc.
· Water
Barriers –
river deltas, swamps, lagoons, bogs & marshes.
· Hazardous
Building Sites – areas where foundations for housing are difficult
to build. Some houses have to be built on stilts. Eg. Amazon river region,
& Northern areas of Canada. – Flooding also occurs in Bangladesh as a
result of the Monsoon winds bringing heavy rainfall to the area.
Natural Hazards
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Volcanoes
Blizzards
Hurricanes
Tornadoes
Earthquakes
Avalanches
Tsunamis
Mudslides
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Typhoons
Landslides
Drought
Whirlpools
Forest Fires
Sandstorms
Hail / Ice Storms
Floods
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Toxic
Hot Spots – is an area where some chemical poison has been dumped in the water
and has not yet been cleaned. It could have happened many years ago or could
still be going on today. There are many in our region – Detroit, Toledo,
Cleveland, Sarnia, Hamilton, Toronto etc.
Chapter 6
Patterns in Natural Systems: Landforms
Plate
Tectonics
Plate
Tectonics refers to the study of the structure of the earth’s crust, and its’
movements.
· 250
million years ago there existed 1 supercontinent called Pangaea
· 130
million years ago Pangaea began to separate
- Alfred Wegener was the first to theorize that the
plates of the world shifting and termed his theory of "Continental
Drift".
***Review all the different landform
region in Canada, and know the different names of all the mountain ranges in
Canada
***Skim over the textbook on the
different types of landform and their characteristics.
